This work reports on the theology of aqueous solutions of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and three derivatives, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The polymers employed were: a hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC) containing hexadecyl grafts, a cationically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (cat-HEC), containing glycidyl-trimethyl-ammonium grafts, and a polymer with both modifications (cat-HMHEC). Rheological measurements were performed in simple shear flow, oscillatory shear flow, opposed-jets flow and flow through porous media. The addition of surfactant increases intermolecular interactions between HMHEC molecules due to the formation of mixed micelles that bridge hydrophobic side groups from different polymer chains. These interactions lead to phase separation in an intermediate SDS concentration range and, at higher surfactant concentrations when a homogeneous phase was obtained, to higher shear and apparent extensional viscosities. Further surfactant addition eventually inhibits hydrophobe interactions due to electrostatic repulsion between micelles, leading to shear viscosities that are even lower than that of the original polymer solution. Hydrophobe interactions are inhibited by the relatively strong nature of flow in opposed-jets. The addition of cationic side groups confers the polymer a polyelectrolytic nature, which translates into higher shear and apparent extensional viscosities. Interchain interactions are strengthened by the presence of surfactant by the formation of intermolecular cross-links between polymer chains.