Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.117, No.20, 9154-9159, 2002
The analog of Koopmans' theorem in spin-density functional theory
For spin-unrestricted Kohn-Sham (KS) calculations on systems with an open shell ground state with total spin quantum number S, we offer the analog of the Koopmans'-type relation between orbital energies and ionization energies familiar from the Hartree-Fock model. When (case I) the lowest ion state has spin S-1/2 (typically when the neutral molecule has a (less than) half filled open shell), the orbital energy of the highest occupied orbital (phi(H)), belonging to the open shell with majority spin (alpha) electrons, is equal to the ionization energy to this lowest ion state with spin S-1/2: epsilon(H)(alpha)=-IS-1/2(phi(H)(-1)). For lower (doubly occupied) orbitals the ionization phi(H)(-1) leaves an unpaired electron that can couple to the open shell to S+/-1/2 states: epsilon(i)(beta)approximate to-IS+1/2(phi(i)(-1)) (exact identity for i=H-1), epsilon(i)(alpha)approximate to-{[2S/(2S+1)]IS-1/2(phi(i)(-1))+[1/(2S+1)]IS+1/2(phi(i)(-1))}, reducing to a simple average in the case of a doublet ground state (single electron outside closed shells). When the lowest ion state has spin S+1/2 (case II; typically for more than half filled open shells): epsilon(H)(alpha)=epsilon(H)(beta)=-IS+1/2(phi(H)(-1)); for i