A theoretical and experimental study on the recrystallization and grain growth processes on AISI 316 stainless steel is here reported. Experimental data are analyzed according to a mathematical model based on statistical assumptions able to describe simultaneously recrystallization and grain growth in metals. Taking into account the classical constitutive equations of the Taylor's theory, the model adopts two parameters: the dislocation density and the initial number of nuclei. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with experimental results. As cross check of the model predictions, the independent parameter "dislocation density" is found to properly correlate to the mechanical properties of the steel, to X-ray diffraction measurements and to transmission electron microscopy measurements. A comparison with an analogue study on AISI 304 stainless steel is also reported, enhancing the effect of molybdenum in inhibiting recrystallization and grain growth.