Amphiphilic lipopolymers are known to form 2D thermoreversible gels at the air- water interface. Recently, we have reported surface rheology and film balance experiments on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) lipopolymers of different molecular weights, which indicated that a sufficient cross-sectional area mismatch between polymer and lipid moieties is necessary to form stable 2D gels (J. Coffman and C. Naumann. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 1835). In the current studies, we have investigated the influence of the hydrophobic anchor on the gelation properties by surface rheology and film balance technique, Experiments on PEG lipopolymers, carrying saturated and partially unsaturated alkyl chains and on poly [(2-n-nonyl -2-oxazoline)(x)-b-(2-methyl-or 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)(y)] (NxMy or NxEy) diblock copolymers of different block length show that the gel formation is not merely the result of the area mismatch between hydrophilic and hydropliobic Illoieties of the amphiphile (cone shape), but that a sufficient strength of van der Waals interaction within the hydrophobic moiety is necessary for the 2D gel to form, thus verifying carlier predictions that all alkyl chain condensation is a necessary precursor for the gelation process to occur. We also present neutron reflectometry data on PEG lipopolymers above and below the alkyl chain condensation and gelation transitions, which, in agreement to previous neutron and X-ray scattering experiments, reveal that both transitions occur after surface micelles oflipopolymers are formed at the air-water interface. On the basis of these findings, we assume that the gelation process of lipopolymers at the air-water interface is Mused by a surface micellization of lipopolymers, which can be seen as the 2D analogue to the 3D gel formation observed for polymeric colloids with grafted polymer chains, such as, copolymers and star polymers.