Langmuir, Vol.19, No.5, 1624-1631, 2003
Spatially selective manipulation of supported lipid bilayers by laminar flow: Steps toward biomembrane microfluidics
The ability to manipulate supported lipid bilayers after formation on a substrate has made possible new classes of both molecular and cellular level experiments. In this report, we combine the unique properties of these lipid systems with laminar flow concepts to selectively remove, collect, and reconstitute lipid bilayers from specified regions of a surface. A stream of detergent solution was directed over a preformed bilayer, resulting in the removal of bilayer material; mixing between adjacent flows at low Reynolds number is diffusion limited, providing confinement of this stripping solution and, consequently, bilayer removal with precision on the order of several micrometers. The freshly exposed surface allows formation of new connected bilayer when exposed to lipid vesicles. In conjunction with surface micropatterning and electrophoretic manipulation, we further demonstrate a first-generation, membrane-based separation/ purification strategy. Flow-based manipulation of lipid bilayers forms the basis of biomembrane microfluidics. In particular, the directed introduction of lipids or other materials provides a route toward dynamic formation and erasure of barriers to lipid diffusion. As examples of future applications of these methods, we discuss the separation of mobile from immobile membrane components and a route toward spatially resolved label-free analysis of composition gradients in patterned supported membranes.