A Synthesis of Titanium Dioxides Prepared by Reverse Microemulsion Method Using Nonionic Surfactants with Different Hydrophilic Group and Their Photocatalytic Activity

Man Sig Lee; Gun-Dae Lee; Seong-Soo Hong

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.9, No.4, 412-418, October, 2003

Man Sig Lee, Gun-Dae Lee, and Seong-Soo Hong^†

Division of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739, Korea

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TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide in W/O microemulsions consisting of water, nonionic Brij series surfactants, and cyclohexane. The properties of these particles were characterized by TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA and DTA. The photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol has been studied in order to compare the photocatalytic activity of prepared nanosized titania. TiO2 particles calcined at 500 ℃ have a stable anatase phase which has no organic surfactants. Above 300 ℃, the product completely transforms into the anatase phase and the rutile phase begins to appear at 600 ℃. The particles are shown to have a spherical shape and have an uniform size distribution but the shape becomes distorted with a decrease of hydrophilic group chain length according to rapid hydrolysis of water and titanium alkoxide. In addition, the crystallite size and crystallinity increase with a decrease of hydrophilic group chain length and an increase of calcinations temperature. The photocatalytic activity increases with an increase of hydrophilic group length and the titania calcined at 500 ℃ shows the highest activity on the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol.

Keywords:nanosized titania;surfactant;reverse micelle;photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

[References]

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Sclafani A, Palmisano L, Schiavello M, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 829 (1990)
Ishag MIO, Moseley PGN, Tetrahedron, 33, 3141 (1974)
Kamat PV, Chem. Rev., 93, 267 (1993)
Yi KC, Fendler JH, Langmuir, 6, 1519 (1992)
Youn HC, Baral S, Fendler JH, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6320 (1988)
Fendler JH, Chem. Rev., 87, 877 (1987)
Petit C, Lixon P, Pileni MP, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 1598 (1990)
Leung R, Hou MJ, Shah DO, Surfactant Science Series, p. 315, D.T. Wasan, M.E. Ginn, and D.O. Shah Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York (1988)
Pillai V, Shah DO, Industrial Application of Microemulsion, p. 227, C. Soalns, and H. Kunieda, Marcel Dekker, New York (1997)
Zhang RB, Gao L, Mater. Res. Bull., 36(11), 1957 (2001)
Jang HD, Kim SK, Kim SJ, J. Nanopart. Res., 3, 141 (2001)
Lee MS, Lee GD, Park SS, Hong SS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(1), 89 (2003)
Herrig H, Hempelmann R, Nanostruct. Mater., 9, 241 (1997)
Cullity BD, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd Edn., p. 102, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1978)
Reddy KM, Reddy CVG, Manorama SV, J. Solid State Chem., 158, 180 (2001)
Ward DA, Ho EI, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34(2), 421 (1995)
Pecchi G, Reyes P, Sanhueza P, Villasenor J, Chemosphere, 43, 141 (2001)
Turchi CS, Ollis DF, J. Catal., 122, 178 (1990)
Hong SS, Ju CS, Lim CG, Ahn BH, Lim KT, Lee GD, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(2), 99 (2001)
Fujishima A, Hashimoto K, Watanabe T, TiO₂ Photocatalysis, p. 124, BKC, Inc, Tokyo (1999)
Lee GD, Jung SK, Jeong YJ, Park JH, Suh CS, Ahn BH, Hong SS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(1), 22 (2002)

[Referenced By]

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[1] Palmisano L, Augugliaro V, Schiavello M, Sclafani A, J. Mol. Catal., 56, 284 (1989)

[2] Sclafani A, Palmisano L, Schiavello M, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 829 (1990)

[3] Ishag MIO, Moseley PGN, Tetrahedron, 33, 3141 (1974)

[4] Kamat PV, Chem. Rev., 93, 267 (1993)

[5] Yi KC, Fendler JH, Langmuir, 6, 1519 (1992)

[6] Youn HC, Baral S, Fendler JH, J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6320 (1988)

[7] Fendler JH, Chem. Rev., 87, 877 (1987)

[8] Petit C, Lixon P, Pileni MP, J. Phys. Chem., 94, 1598 (1990)

[9] Leung R, Hou MJ, Shah DO, Surfactant Science Series, p. 315, D.T. Wasan, M.E. Ginn, and D.O. Shah Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York (1988)

[10] Pillai V, Shah DO, Industrial Application of Microemulsion, p. 227, C. Soalns, and H. Kunieda, Marcel Dekker, New York (1997)

[11] Zhang RB, Gao L, Mater. Res. Bull., 36(11), 1957 (2001)

[12] Jang HD, Kim SK, Kim SJ, J. Nanopart. Res., 3, 141 (2001)

[13] Lee MS, Lee GD, Park SS, Hong SS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 9(1), 89 (2003)

[14] Herrig H, Hempelmann R, Nanostruct. Mater., 9, 241 (1997)

[15] Cullity BD, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd Edn., p. 102, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1978)

[16] Reddy KM, Reddy CVG, Manorama SV, J. Solid State Chem., 158, 180 (2001)

[17] Ward DA, Ho EI, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34(2), 421 (1995)

[18] Pecchi G, Reyes P, Sanhueza P, Villasenor J, Chemosphere, 43, 141 (2001)

[19] Turchi CS, Ollis DF, J. Catal., 122, 178 (1990)

[20] Hong SS, Ju CS, Lim CG, Ahn BH, Lim KT, Lee GD, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(2), 99 (2001)

[21] Fujishima A, Hashimoto K, Watanabe T, TiO₂ Photocatalysis, p. 124, BKC, Inc, Tokyo (1999)

[22] Lee GD, Jung SK, Jeong YJ, Park JH, Suh CS, Ahn BH, Hong SS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(1), 22 (2002)