Novel self-reproducing giant vesicles, consisting of a vesicular amphiphile with an imine group in its hydrophobic chain, were constructed. This vesicular amphiphile, the product of a dehydrocondensation reaction between amphiphilic aldehyde and a lipophilic aniline derivative, could be prepared within the giant vesicles. When a protected form of the aldehyde precursor was added to a suspension of giant vesicles containing the lipophilic aniline precursor and a catalyst, dehydrocondensation between the two precursors took place inside the vesicles and produced the same amphiphile as the one which constitutes the original vesicle. The newly formed amphiphiles self-assembled in the inner water pool to form small vesicles, which were eventually extruded through the outer layer of the original vesicle to the bulk water. Accordingly, this kinetic system can be designated as a self-reproducing system of giant vesicles.