천연가스 직접 열분해 방법에 의한 수소제조의 전과정평가

박회일; 김익; 이병권; 허정림; 허탁; Hee-il Park; Ik Kim; Byung Kwon Lee; Jung Rim Haw; Tak Hur

Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.14, No.6, 799-806, October, 2003

Export Citation

천연가스 직접 열분해 방법에 의한 수소제조의 전과정평가

Life Cycle Assessment on Hydrogen Production by Direct Thermal Cracking of Natural Gas

박회일, 김익, 이병권 ¹, 허정림 , 허탁 ^†

건국대학교 화학생물공학부
¹한국과학기술연구원 CFC 대체연구센터

Hee-il Park, Ik Kim, Byung Kwon Lee¹, Jung Rim Haw , and Tak Hur^†

School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Korea
¹CFC Alternative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea

E-mail:

초록

수소는 에너지 효율성과 다양한 산업 분야에서의 활용성이 매우 높고 특히, 사용 중에 환경영향이 거의 없기 때문에 미래의 청정한 대체에너지로서 주목을 받고 있는 에너지원이다. 그러나 수소의 제조공정에서는 상당한 양의 대기배출물이 발생할 가능성이 있기 때문에 에너지를 포함한 제품의 환경영향은 전과정 즉, 원료채취, 제조, 유통, 사용, 재활용 및 폐기를 고려하여 평가되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 천연가스 직접 열분해에 의한 수소제조방법의 전과정에 걸친 온실가스 배출량과 그에 따른 지구온난화에 대한 환경영향을 정량화하고 주요 개선 사항을 규명하기 위하여 전과정평가를 수행하였다. 천연가스 직접 열분해를 이용하여 수소 1 kg을 제조하는데 전과정에 걸쳐 1.570 kg의 CO₂가 배출되었으며 전체 온실가스로 인한 GWP는 1.584 kg CO₂-eq./kg H₂이었다. 또한, 수소의 제조공정 내에서 사용되는 전기에너지 대신 내부적으로 생산되는 수소를 에너지로 사용할 때 상당한 CO₂ 감축효과를 기대할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Hydrogen has emerged as a promising energy source because of its high efficiency and applicability in various industrial sectors. In addition, hydrogen has been considered as one of the most environmentally friendly energy sources since there is almost no air emission during its usage. However, it is expected that a considerable amount of air will be emitted from the hydrogen production process. Thus, the environmental impact of a product, including energy, has to be evaluated by considering its entire life cycle, throughout raw materials extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use and recycle and disposal. Life Cycle Assessment on hydrogen production by direct thermal cracking of natural gas was carried out in order to examine the net emission of greenhouse gases as well as other environmental impacts. The CO₂ emission per 1 kg of hydrogen production via direct thermal cracking of natural gas was 1.570 kg. It was shown that the amount of CO₂ emission could be remarkably reduced by using the internally produced hydrogen instead of electricity for the hydrogen production process.

Keywords:LCA;hydrogen;CO₂;thermal cracking of natural gas

[References]

Martinez-Frias J, Pham AQ, Aceves SM, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 28, 483 (2003)
Gaudernack B, Lynum S, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 23(12), 1087 (1998)
이병권, 수소에너지기술, 55, 에너지관리공단 수소에너지연구회 (2000)
이건모, 허탁, 김승도, 환경 전과정평가(LCA)의 이론과 지침, 한국인정원 (1998)
International Standard ISO 14040, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework, Reference Number ISO 14040:1997(E) (1997)
International Standard ISO 14041, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment - Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis, Reference Number ISO 14040:1998(E) (1998)
International Standard ISO 14042, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment - Life Cycle Impact Assessment, Reference Number ISO 14042:2000(E) (2000)
International Standard ISO 14043, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment -Life Cycle Interpretation, Reference Number ISO 14043:2000(E) (2000)
Spath PL, Mann M, Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production via Natural Gas Steam Reforming, Technical Report, National Renewable Energy Lab., USA (2000)
Park H, Kim I, Lee BK, Hur T, Trans. Korean Hydrogen Energy Soc., 13(1), 3 (2002)
Suzuki D, A Comparison of the Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Selected Fuel Cell Vehicle Hydrogen Production Systems, Project Report, 9, The Pambina Institute, Canada (2000)
Dante RC, Guereca LP, Neri L, Escamilla JL, Aquino L, Celis J, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 27, 131 (2002)
강상인, 강승진, 청정개발체제(CDM) 논의동향 및 활용방안, 사업 보고서, 29, 에너지경제연구원, 에너지관리공단, 한국환경정책·평가연구원 (1999)
Park H, Hur T, A Study on the Application of Life Cycle Assessment for Estimating the Emissions Edditionality in Clean Development Mechanism, Master Dissertation, Dept. of Materials Chemistry & Engineering, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Korea (2002)

[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] Martinez-Frias J, Pham AQ, Aceves SM, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 28, 483 (2003)

[2] Gaudernack B, Lynum S, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 23(12), 1087 (1998)

[3] 이병권, 수소에너지기술, 55, 에너지관리공단 수소에너지연구회 (2000)

[4] 이건모, 허탁, 김승도, 환경 전과정평가(LCA)의 이론과 지침, 한국인정원 (1998)

[5] International Standard ISO 14040, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework, Reference Number ISO 14040:1997(E) (1997)

[6] International Standard ISO 14041, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment - Goal and Scope Definition and Inventory Analysis, Reference Number ISO 14040:1998(E) (1998)

[7] International Standard ISO 14042, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment - Life Cycle Impact Assessment, Reference Number ISO 14042:2000(E) (2000)

[8] International Standard ISO 14043, Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment -Life Cycle Interpretation, Reference Number ISO 14043:2000(E) (2000)

[9] Spath PL, Mann M, Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production via Natural Gas Steam Reforming, Technical Report, National Renewable Energy Lab., USA (2000)

[10] Park H, Kim I, Lee BK, Hur T, Trans. Korean Hydrogen Energy Soc., 13(1), 3 (2002)

[11] Suzuki D, A Comparison of the Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Selected Fuel Cell Vehicle Hydrogen Production Systems, Project Report, 9, The Pambina Institute, Canada (2000)

[12] Dante RC, Guereca LP, Neri L, Escamilla JL, Aquino L, Celis J, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 27, 131 (2002)

[13] 강상인, 강승진, 청정개발체제(CDM) 논의동향 및 활용방안, 사업 보고서, 29, 에너지경제연구원, 에너지관리공단, 한국환경정책·평가연구원 (1999)

[14] Park H, Hur T, A Study on the Application of Life Cycle Assessment for Estimating the Emissions Edditionality in Clean Development Mechanism, Master Dissertation, Dept. of Materials Chemistry & Engineering, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Korea (2002)