Cothermolyses of ((BuO)-Bu-t)(3)CrOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3) (1) and either [AI((OBU)-B-t)(3)](2) (2) or Zr[OCMe2Et](4) (3) as solutions in n-octane resulted in formation of gels that yielded Cr/Si/Al/O or Cr/Si/Zr/O xerogels upon drying. These materials have high surface areas after calcination at 773 K (ranging from 150 to 450 m(2) g(-1)) and do not exhibit phase separation of Cr2O3 domains after calcination at 1473 K (by PXRD). The as-synthesized Cr/Si/M materials contain mostly octahedral Cr3+ species with small amounts of tetrahedral Cr6+ chromates (by DRUV-vis and XANES spectroscopies). Only Cr6+ monochromate centers, with smaller amounts of di- and polychromate species, were detected after calcination at 773 K under O-2. These catalysts are active for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane; however, they exhibit poor selectivities for propylene production. In contrast, these catalysts exhibit high selectivities for propylene (> 95%) in the nonoxidative dehydrogenation (DH) of propane with conversions for the best catalyst above 35% at 723 K. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.