Spectrally resolved infrared stimulated vibrational echo data were obtained for sperm whale carbonmonoxymyoglobin (MbCO) at 300 K. The measured dephasing dynamics of the CO ligand are in agreement with dephasing dynamics calculated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for MbCO with the residue histidine-64 (His64) having its imidazole epsilon nitrogen protonated (N-epsilon-H). The two conformational substate structures B-epsilon and R-epsilon observed in the MD simulations are assigned to the spectroscopic A(1) and A(3) conformational substates of MbCO, respectively, based on the agreement between the experimentally measured and calculated dephasing dynamics for these substates. In the A(1) substate, the N-epsilon-H proton and N-delta of His64 are approximately equidistant from the CO ligand, while in the A(3) substate, the N-epsilon-H of His64 is oriented toward the CO, and the N,5 is on the surface of the protein. The MID simulations show that dynamics of His64 represent the major source of vibrational dephasing of the CO ligand in the A3 state on both femtosecond and picosecond time scales. Dephasing in the A(1) state is controlled by His64 on femtosecond time scales, and by the rest of the protein and the water solvent on longer time scales.