화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.125, No.52, 16397-16407, 2003
Nonplanarity at tri-coordinated aluminum and gallium: Cyclic structures for X3Hnm (X = B, Al, Ga)
Structures and energies of X3H32-, X3H4-, X3H5, and X3H6+ (X = B, Al and Ga) were investigated theoretically at B3LYP/6-311G(d) level. The global minimum structures of B are not found to be global minima for Al and Ga. The hydrides of the heavier elements Al and Ga have shown a total of seven, six and eight minima for X3H32-, X3H4-, and X3H5, respectively. However, X3H6+ has three and four minima for Al and Ga, respectively. The nonplanar arrangements of hydrogens with respect to X-3 ring is found to be very common for Al and Ga species. Similarly, species with lone pairs on heavy atoms dominate the potential energy surfaces of Al and Ga three-ring systems. The first example of a structure with tri-coordinate pyramidal arrangement at Al and Ga is found in X3H4- (2g), contrary to the conventional wisdom of C3H3+, B3H3, etc. The influence of pi-delocalization in stabilizing the structures decreases from X3H32- to X3H6+ for heavier elements Al and Ga. In general, minimum energy structures of X3H4-, X3H5, and X3H6+ may be arrived at by protonating the minimum energy structures sequentially starting from X3H32-. The resonance stabilization energy (RSE) for the global minimum structures (or nearest structures to global minimum which contains pi-delocalization) is computed using isodesmic equations.