화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.42, No.1, 1-9, February, 2004
Export Citation
수소·연료전지 기술
Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology
손재익†
  • 한국에너지기술연구원, 305-343 대전시 유성구 장동 71-2
Jae-Ek Son†
  • Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2, Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Korea
E-mail:
초록
수소에너지를 이용한 기술 중 연료전지 기술이 가장 효과적인 방법으로 인정되고 있다. 재래식 열연기관의 경우 일반적으로 33% 내지 35% 정도의 열효율로 전기를 얻을 수 있는데 반해 연료전지의 경우 전기생산 효율은 약 60%까지 올릴 수 있고 전체 에너지(전기와 열) 효율을 고려하면 85%까지도 생산이 가능한 상태이다. 더구나 연료전지의 경우 공해 배출이 거의 없다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 연료전지 기술은 21세기의 당면문제인 화석연료의 고갈과 환경오염 문제를 동시에 해결할 수 있는 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 본 총설에서는 여러 가지 수소 제조 기술과 연료전지 기술 가운데 가장 실용화에 가깝고 실용화되면 배터리 대체, 소규모 주택용 및 건물용 전원, 자동차용 전원 등으로 사용할 수 있어서 경제 및 기술적인 파급효과가 큰 PEMFC와 DMFC에 대한 최근의 연구개발 경향을 정리하였다.
Among various technologies using hydrogen-energy, fuel cells have been considered as the most energy efficient technology. A conventional combustion-based power plant typically generates electricity at efficiencies of 33 to 35 percent, while fuel cell plants can generate electricity at efficiencies of up to 60 percent. When fuel cells are used to generate electricity and heat (co-generation), they can reach efficiencies of up to 85 percent. Moreover, fuel cells generate virtually zero pollution including greenhouse gases such as CO2. Therefore, the fuel cells are believed as a most promising alternative power producing technology, which can solve global problems facing 21st century such as exhaustion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution at the same time. In this review, recent trends in fuel cell R&D are summarized focusing on PEMFC and DMFC which are closest to the practical use and can be used for batteries, electrical power sources for automobiles and immobile structures such as buildings.
Keywords:Hydrogen Energy;Fuel Cell;Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC);Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
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