Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.15, No.2, 244-254, April, 2004
NBR/GTR발포체의 난연 및 발포특성에 대한 난연제의 영향
Influence of Flame Retardants for Flame Retardancy & Foaming Properties of the NBR/GTR Foams
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초록
본 연구에서는 NBR/GTR 발포체의 난연특성(LOI, HRR, thermal stability, smoke density 등) 및 발포특성(expandability, cell structure 등)에 인/질소계 난연제의 종류 및 함량 변화가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 발포체의 TGA 분석 결과 인함유량이 많은 난연제를 사용할수록 불연성의 carbonaceous char의 증가 등으로 열적특성이 좋아짐을 알 수 있었다. LOI 값은 발포특성과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 무기계 난연제만을 사용한 경우(LOI 32.0)와 비교해 인/질소계 난연제 10 phr 범위 내의 사용 시 견고한 챠(char) 형성에 따른/질소/인 시너지 효과로 LOI (34.0)의 상승에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. Cone-calorimeter 분석 결과 인/질소계 난연제 10 phr 범위 내에서 가장 낮은 HRR (9 kW/m2), HTR (13 kW/m2)을 가졌고, A-COY (0.037 kg/kg)를 통해 연기밀도를 낮추는데도 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며, 대체적으로 LOI가 감소함에 따라 A-HRR이 증가하는 경향성을 확인할 수 있었다. 연기밀도 분석 결과 cone-calorimeter 분서에서의 A-COY와 같은 경향성을 즉, A-COY의 증감에 따라 연기밀도가 증감함을 확인할 수 있었다.
In this study, flame retardancy and foaming properties of NBR/GTR foams with phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardants were investigated. For TGA analysis of NBR/GTR foams, thermal properties were improved by increasing phosphorus content of flame retardants. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) was affected largely by foaming properties (cell structure, expandability, etc) and it increased when phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardants were used. This was due to the N/P synergistic effect for high and hard char formation. When the phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardants were 10 phr, foams with the highest LOI (34.0) were obtained. In case of cone-calorimeter test, heat release rate was increased as LOI values were decreased. When the phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardants were 10 phr, foams obtained had the lowest heat release rate, total heat release, and carbon monoxide yield. Phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardants had a considerable effect in the decrease of smoke density. It turns out that the dispersion of the additives and inner-pressure of the blends significantly influenced in determining the foaming properties.
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