Nanobiotechnology raises fascinating possibilities for new analytical assays in various fields such as bioelectronic assembly, biomechanics and sampling techniques, as well as in chips or micromachined devices. Recently, nanotechnology has greatly impacted biotechnological research with its potential applications in smart devices that can operate at the level of molecular manipulation. Micro total analysis system (mu-TAS) offers the potential for highly efficient, simultaneous analysis of a large number of biologically important molecules in genomic, proteomic and metabolic studies. This review aims to describe the present state-of-the-art of microsystems for use in biotechnological research, medicine and diagnostics.