A comparative study of the structure and properties of two-phase blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) modified in the course of reactive extrusion, by grafting of itaconic acid (IA) without neutralization of carboxyl groups (LDPE-g-IA) and with neutralized carboxyl groups (LDPE-g-IA(-)M(+)) was carried out. It was shown that 30 wt % of LDPE-g-IA(-)M(+) introduced to PA6 resulted in blends of higher Charpy impact strength compared with that of PA6/LDPE-g-IA blends. The maximum increase was achieved when Mg(OH), was used as a neutralizing agent. The blend morphology has a two-phase structure with blurred interphases because of increased adhesion between the phases. The neutralization of carboxyl groups in grafted IA did not lead to two-phase morphology of blends, which had a negative influence on the mechanical properties. It is believed that the differences in the impact strength were caused by the influence of the added neutralizing agents on the structure of interphases, which depends on both the interfaces adhesion and structural effects resulting from the nucleating behavior of the neutralizing agent. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.