The removal of Cr(VI), Mo(VI), or V(V) anions from single metal aqueous solutions was studied. Two alternative treatment methods were applied: (1) sorption of these anions onto commercially available akaganeite (beta-FeOOH) or (2) nanofiltration, using a commercial spiral-wound pilot-scale unit. During sorption experiments, kinetics and equilibrium were mainly studied. A modified second-order kinetic model was found to better fit the kinetic results. Freundlich isotherms better described (slightly) chromium and molybdenum equilibrium sorption experiments; whereas Langmuir isotherm better described vanadium equilibrium. During nanofiltration experiments, the influence of pH and of initial anion concentration was mainly studied, using a fixed background electrolyte concentration.