A self-consistent field theory is applied to inhomogeneous polyelectrolyte systems. We consider the smeared and the annealed charge distributions, corresponding to strongly and weakly dissociating polymers, respectively. The electrostatic interactions are described by the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, where the dielectric constant of the system is treated as position-dependent to take into account the large difference between those of hydrophobic polymers and water-like solvents. We present results for several systems, including the interface of a phase-separated polyelectrolyte solution in a poor solvent, the lamellar structures of symmetric diblock polyelectrolytes, and the phase behavior of polyelectrolyte blends.