The effect of solvent quality on the equilibrium structure of a densely branched comb polymer is investigated based on the structure factor analyses by off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations. First, theta temperature (theta(infinity)) must be determined to identify the solvent condition. We locate the characteristic temperature theta(A)(N) at which the second virial coefficient vanishes and the transition temperature theta(R)(N) at which radius of gyration R-g of the chain varies most rapidly with temperature, i.e., d(2) R-g/dT(2)\theta(R)= 0. N represents the total number of monomers of a comb. As N --> infinity, theta(A) and theta(R) coincide to a point that is identified as the true theta temperature ( 0.). The structure factors of the main chain, the side chain, and the whole polymer are calculated, respectively. It is found that at T=theta(infinity), the structural factors S(qR(g)) for the overall comb polymers match quite well with those of their Gaussian counterparts. When T< θ(&INFIN;), the overall comb polymer assumes collapsed conformations, similar to a homogeneous sphere. However, the structure factor of the side chain indicates that it always remains in an expanded state regardless of the solvent condition. It is attributed to the strong interactions between side chains. The same effect leads to enhanced rigidity of the main chain in comparison to the linear chain, as clearly observed from the rescaled Kratky plot. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.