수소액화장치의 단열시스템 전산해석 및 액화성능 실험에 관한 연구

이정환; 이호섭; 조원일; 백영순; Jeong Hwan Lee; Ho Seob Lee; Won Ihl Cho; Young Soon Baek

Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.15, No.6, 659-664, October, 2004

Export Citation

수소액화장치의 단열시스템 전산해석 및 액화성능 실험에 관한 연구

A Study on Numerical Analysis for Insulation System and Performance Experiment of Hydrogen Liquefaction Equipment

이정환^†, 이호섭, 조원일 , 백영순

한국가스공사 연구개발원, 인천 406-130

Jeong Hwan Lee^†, Ho Seob Lee, Won Ihl Cho , and Young Soon Baek

R&D Division, Korea Gas Corporation, Incheon 406-130, Korea

E-mail:

초록

본 연구에서는 Gifford-McMahon (GM) 냉동기를 이용하여 직접냉각에 의한 수소액화장치를 개발하였다. 액화용기의 효율적인 단열시스템 설계를 위해 상업용 열유체유동 소프트웨어인 FLUENT 6.1을 이용하여 단열시스템의 열차폐 효율에 대한 전산해석을 수행하였으며 이를 통해 설계된 단열시스템의 열전달률을 도출하고 액체수소의 기화거동을 예측함으로써 열차폐효율의 적정성을 검증하였다. 개발된 수소액화장치의 성능실험을 위해 무부하 상태에서의 냉각시험을 거쳐 수소액화실험을 수행하였다. 무부하 냉각의 경우 정상상태 도달시 냉동기 1단의 온도는 24 K, 2단은 7 K까지 하강됨으로써 우수한 냉각성능을 나타내었다. 또한 수소주입시 냉동기 작동 후 액화용기의 액위계 및 온도변화 거동을 관찰함으로써 액화조건 217.9 kPa, 23 K에서 정상적인 수소액화가 이루어졌음을 확인하였으며, 이때의 수소액화량은 평균 0.5 L/hr로 측정되었다.

In this study, hydrogen liquefaction equipment by direct cooling using the Gifford-McMahon (GM) refrigerator was designed and setup. Numerical analysis using the commercial software, FLUENT 6.1 was carried out to design an effective insulation system for the liquefaction vessel. From the calculated heat transfer rate of designed insulation system and the predicted vaporizing behavior of liquefied hydrogen, the propriety of heat-resistant efficiency was estimated. Cooling test without load, hydrogen liquefaction experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the developed equipment. In the case of the cooling without load, temperature of GM refrigerator was lowered to 24 K at the 1^st stage and 7 K at the 2^ndstage, in the steady state. The Cooling test results indicated that cooling performance was excellent. It was found that the hydrogen started to be liquefied at 217.9 kPa and 23 K by observing the liquid level meter and temperature distribution in the liquefaction vessel. The liquefaction rate was measured at an average of 0.5 L/hr.

Keywords:hydrogen;liquefaction;refrigerator;direct cooling;heat transfer rate

[References]

Sherif SA, Zeytinoglu N, Veziroglu TN, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 22, 683 (1997)
Kim KR, Paek SW, Choi HJ, Chung H, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(2), 116 (2001)
Peschka W, Adv. Cryog. Eng., 37, 1147 (1992)
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Eward R, Kesten M, Adv. Cryog. Eng., 35, 1777 (1990)
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백종훈, 강병하, 장호명, 공기조화 냉동공학 논문집, 9, 284 (1997)
Burelbach JP, Bankoff SG, Davis SH, J. Fluid Mech., 195, 463 (1988)
Panzarella CH, Davis SH, Bankoff SG, J. Fluid Mech., 402, 163 (2000)

[Related Articles]

[1] Sherif SA, Zeytinoglu N, Veziroglu TN, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 22, 683 (1997)

[2] Kim KR, Paek SW, Choi HJ, Chung H, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(2), 116 (2001)

[3] Peschka W, Adv. Cryog. Eng., 37, 1147 (1992)

[4] Daugherty MA, Prenger FC, Daney DE, Hill DD, Adv. Cryog. Eng., 41, 1049 (1996)

[5] Park HR, Kwon IH, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 12(2), 160 (2001)

[6] Eward R, Kesten M, Adv. Cryog. Eng., 35, 1777 (1990)

[7] Wanner M, Gross R, Otto W, Patzelt A, Adv. Cryog. Eng., 39, 1217 (1994)

[8] Timmerhaus KD, Flynn TM, Cryogenic Process Engineering, Plenum Press, New York (1989)

[9] Barron RF, Cryogenic Systems, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York (1985)

[10] Friend DG, NIST Thermophysical properties of pure fluids version 3.0, NIST Standard Reference Database 12, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, NIST, USA (1992)

[11] 백종훈, 강병하, 장호명, 공기조화 냉동공학 논문집, 9, 284 (1997)

[12] Burelbach JP, Bankoff SG, Davis SH, J. Fluid Mech., 195, 463 (1988)

[13] Panzarella CH, Davis SH, Bankoff SG, J. Fluid Mech., 402, 163 (2000)