Mono- and Multi-layer Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Maleimide Polymers Possessing Nonlinear Optical-Active Side Chains

Kuk Ro Yoon; Hoosung Lee; Bum Ku Rhee; Changsoo Jung

Macromolecular Research, Vol.12, No.6, 581-585, December, 2004

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Mono- and Multi-layer Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Maleimide Polymers Possessing Nonlinear Optical-Active Side Chains

Kuk Ro Yoon, Hoosung Lee^†, Bum Ku Rhee¹, and Changsoo Jung²

Department of Chemisty, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
¹Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
²Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong, Buk, Gwangju 500-712, Korea

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A copolymer P[OSA-MI] was synthesized by copolymerization of its corresponding monomers, N-phenyl maleimide (MI) and 2-octen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride (OSA). The polymer (poly[2-[1-(2,5-dioxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)heptyl]-succinic acid 4-(2-{ethyl-[4-(4-nitrophen-ylazo) phenyl]amino}ethyl) ester]) P[DR1MA-MI] was obtained from the reaction of P[OSA-MI] with 2-[4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-N-ethylphenylamino] ethanol (DR1). A stable monolayer of P[DR1MA-MI] was formed by spreading the solution of the polymer in chloroform. In Y-type Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films prepared using this Langmuir-Blodgett method, the second harmonic waves generated from adjacent monolayers canceled each other out. In X- and Z-type LB films, the second harmonic intensity increased upon increasing the number of monolayers, but this increase was somewhat smaller than predicted by the square law. This phenomenon is due to defects or imperfect alignment of the dipoles in the LB film. The generation of second harmonic waves from Y-type LB films having an even number of monolayers supports this argument. The degree of imperfection seemed to increase as the number of layers increased. The second-order nonlinear optical properties of spin-cast films of these polymers were also measured. The largest second harmonic coefficient of the poled P[DR1MA-MI] film coated on a glass plate was 19 pm/V.

Keywords:even/odd effect;Langmuir-Blodgett technique;organic chromophores;second-order nonlinear optical effect.

[References]

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Halperin K, Ketterson JB, Dutta P, Langmuir, 5, 161 (1989)
Pethica BA, Thin Solid Films, 152, 3 (1987)
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Dhanabalan A, Dabke RB, Kumar NP, Talwar SS, Major S, Lal R, Contractor AQ, Langmuir, 13(16), 4395 (1997)
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Dhanabalan A, Balogh DT, Riul A, Giacometti JA, Oliveira ON, Thin Solid Films, 323(1-2), 257 (1998)
Ravaine S, Mingotaud C, Delhaes P, Thin Solid Films, 284, 76 (1996)
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Gupta SK, Taylor DM, Underhill AE, Wainwright CEA, Synth. Met., 58, 373 (1993)
Hughes AV, Rees JA, Taylor DM, Underhill AE, Supramolecular Sci, 4, 309 (1997)
Hughes AV, Taylor DM, Underhill AE, Langmuir, 15, 2472 (1999)
Ahuja RC, Caruso PL, Mobius D, Thin Solid Films, 284, 671 (1996)
Schenning APHJ, Elissen-Roman C, Weener JW, Baars MWPL, van der Gaast SJ, Meijer EW, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120(32), 8199 (1998)
Janietz D, Ahuja RC, Mobius D, Langmuir, 13(2), 305 (1997)
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[Referenced By]

[1] Williams DJ, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 23, 690 (1984)

[2] Oudar JLJ, Chem. Phys., 67, 446 (1997)

[3] Schader S, Prescher D, Zauls V, Proc. SPIE, 3474, 160 (1998)

[4] Xie S, Natansohn SA, Rochon P, Chem. Mater., 5, 403 (1993)

[5] Schilling ML, Katz HE, Chem. Mater., 1, 668 (1989)

[6] Herman WN, Hayden LM, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 12, 416 (1995)

[7] Stenhagen E, Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods, E. A. Braunde and F. C. Nachod, Eds., Academic Press, NewYork (1955)

[8] Jerphagnon J, Kurtz S, J. Appl. Phys., 41, 1667 (1970)

[9] Jerphagnon J, Kurtz S, Phys. Rev., B, Condens. Matter, 1, 1739 (1970)

[10] Wada T, Kobubschi, 45, 682 (1996)

[11] Lee JY, Bang HB, Baek CS, Park EJ, Rhee BK, Lee SM, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 25, 605 (2004)

[12] Kim MH, Jin JI, Lee CJ, Kim N, Park KH, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 23, 964 (2002)

[13] Ulman A, Characterization of Organic Thin Films, Manning, Greenwich (1995)

[14] Aveyard R, Haidon R, An Introduction to the Principles of Surface Chemistry, Cambrigde University Press (1973)

[15] Knobler CM, Schwartz DK, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 4, 46 (1999)

[16] Knobler CM, Adv. Chem. Phys., 77, 397 (1990)

[17] Popovitz-Biro R, Edgar R, Weissbuch I, Acta Polym., 49, 626 (1998)

[18] Matsumoto M, Tsujii Y, Nakamura KI, Yoshimoto T, Thin Solid Films, 280(1-2), 238 (1996)

[19] Buontempo JT, Novak FA, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 63, 6707 (1992)

[20] Lee KYC, Lipp MM, Takamoto DY, Ter-Ovanesyan E, Zasadzinski JA, Waring AJ, Langmuir, 14(9), 2567 (1998)

[21] Halperin K, Ketterson JB, Dutta P, Langmuir, 5, 161 (1989)

[22] Pethica BA, Thin Solid Films, 152, 3 (1987)

[23] Kenn RM, Bohm C, Bibo AM, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 2092 (1991)

[24] Cisneros JI, Appl. Optics, 37, 5262 (1998)

[25] Dhanabalan A, Dabke RB, Kumar NP, Talwar SS, Major S, Lal R, Contractor AQ, Langmuir, 13(16), 4395 (1997)

[26] Dhanabalan A, Mello SV, Oliveira ON, Macromolecules, 31(6), 1827 (1998)

[27] Dhanabalan A, Balogh DT, Riul A, Giacometti JA, Oliveira ON, Thin Solid Films, 323(1-2), 257 (1998)

[28] Ravaine S, Mingotaud C, Delhaes P, Thin Solid Films, 284, 76 (1996)

[29] Gupta SK, Taylor DM, Dynarowicz P, Barlow E, Wainwright CEA, Underhill AE, Langmuir, 8, 3057 (1992)

[30] Gupta SK, Taylor DM, Underhill AE, Wainwright CEA, Synth. Met., 58, 373 (1993)

[31] Hughes AV, Rees JA, Taylor DM, Underhill AE, Supramolecular Sci, 4, 309 (1997)

[32] Hughes AV, Taylor DM, Underhill AE, Langmuir, 15, 2472 (1999)

[33] Ahuja RC, Caruso PL, Mobius D, Thin Solid Films, 284, 671 (1996)

[34] Schenning APHJ, Elissen-Roman C, Weener JW, Baars MWPL, van der Gaast SJ, Meijer EW, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120(32), 8199 (1998)

[35] Janietz D, Ahuja RC, Mobius D, Langmuir, 13(2), 305 (1997)

[36] Jung C, Rhee BK, Appl. Optics, 41, 3861 (2002)

[37] Martin AS, Lawrence SJ, Rollet DA, Sambles JR, Eur. J. Phys., 14, 19 (1993)