The catalytic activity of metallic short fibres with chosen alloy composition and texture was investigated in the oxidative dehydration (ODH) of propane to yield propene, and of isopropanol to yield acetone. The short fibres were synthesised using a melt extraction process and the properties of the fibres were intensely characterised. A correlation between the structure and the catalytic activity of the material was established. Thus, light-optical microscopic-, DSC-, XRD-, REM- and EDX-methods were used to characterise the fibres. Selective results of the dependency of the temperature on the propane conversion are presented in this work. A yield of more than 35% propene is obtained at a propane conversion of 50%. The ODH of isopropanol to acetone occurred with attractive yields of over 80%. The results demonstrate the high innovative potential of the metal fibre materials.