The wear and friction behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/polypropylene (PP) blends was studied. The addition of PP improves processability and the anti-wear properties of UHMWPE. The friction coefficient and wear rate of pure UHMWPE are much higher than those of UHMWPE/PP blends under the same conditions, and the wear rate of UHMWPE is more sensitive to load and wear time than that of the UHMWPE/PP blend. Long scratch grooves and cracks occurred in the worn surface of UHMWPE, while no such serious damage was observed in the worn surface of the UHMWPE/PP blend. Atomic Force Micrography using the contact mode indicated that the friction force between pure UHMWPE and Si3N4 tip is much higher than that for the UHMWPE/PP blend, which is consistent with the results from macro-friction testing.