The stages and results of refining a new oil, Galol M-4042 TD, primarily intended to replace M-161KhP-3 oil (GOST 25770) in two-stroke transport diesels, are discussed in detail in [1]. Galol M-4042 TD belongs to the SAE-40 class, i.e., it is a summer oil by definition [2]. The new oil, like M-161KhP-3 oil, exclusively contains barium-containing additives, which is predetermined by the specific conditions of operation in two-cycle transport diesels with a high degree of boosting.