This paper summarizes results of recent studies of PEM fuel cell-powered vehicle performance using direct-hydrogen fueling and on-board methanol reforming. Control of auxiliary components is found to provide the greatest opportunity for improved performance. Fuel economy with on-board reforming is also found to be significantly less than with direct-hydrogen fueling. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This paper summarizes results of recent studies of PEM fuel cell-powered vehicle performance using direct-hydrogen fueling and on-board methanol reforming. Control of auxiliary components is found to provide the greatest opportunity for improved performance. Fuel economy with on-board reforming is also found to be significantly less than with direct-hydrogen fueling. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.