Ultrafast processes in photoexcited N-salicylideneaniline have been investigated with femtosecond time-resolved resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. The ion signals via the S-1(n,pi*) state of the enol form as well as the proton-transferred cis-keto form emerge within a few hundred femtoseconds after photoexcitation to the first S-1(pi,pi*) state of the enol form. This reveals that two ultrafast processes, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction and an internal conversion (IC) to the S-1(n,pi*) state, occur on a time scale less than a few hundred femtoseconds from the S-1(pi,pi*) state of the enol form. The rise time of the transient corresponding to the production of the proton-transferred cis-keto form is within 750 fs when near the red edge of the absorption is excited, indicating that the ESIPT reaction occurs within 750 fs. The decay time of the S-1(pi,pi*) state of the cis-keto form is 8.9 ps by exciting the enol form at 370 nm, but it dramatically decreases to be 1.5-1.6 ps for the excitation at 365-320 nm. The decrease in the decay time has been attributed to the opening of an efficient nonradiative channel; an IC from S-1(pi,pi*) to S-1(n,pi*) of the cis-keto form promotes the production of the trans-keto form as the final photochromic products. The two IC processes may provide opposite effect on the quantum yield of photochromic products: IC in the enol form may substantially reduce the quantum yield, but IC in the cis-keto form increase it. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.