Extraction of Lipids and Cholesterol from Squid Oil with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Kil-Yoon Kang; Dong-Hyun Ahn; Gordon T. Wilkinson; Byung-Soo Chun

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.22, No.3, 399-405, May, 2005

DOI10.1007/BF02719418 Export Citation

Extraction of Lipids and Cholesterol from Squid Oil with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Kil-Yoon Kang, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Gordon T. Wilkinson¹, and Byung-Soo Chun^†

Institute of Seafood Science, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
¹School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, South Australia. 5000

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The oil obtained from waste squid viscera consists of multi-compounds such as EPA, DHA and other valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids. The refining of this squid oil, using supercritical carbon dioxide plus ethanol, was performed in a semi-continuous flow extractor at 8 to 17 MPa and 25 to 50 ℃. When 1.5% w/w ethanol was added to the solvent, the solubility of lipids was increased by up to 50% over the neat CO2 value. The extraction curves indicated mass transfer to be solubility limited. Cholesterol was co-extracted with the lipids but, with its lower solubility, less than 54% appeared in the refined oil. The results of the carbon dioxide/multi-compound squid oil system at applied to the extraction conditions were correlated with the mole fraction of the cholesterol and the density of the pure solvent.

Keywords:Fatty Acids;Squid Viscera Oil;Cholesterol;Supercritical Carbon Dioxide;Solubility

[References]

Ackman RG, "The Year of Fish Oils", Chem. and Ind., Mar, 139 (1988)
Ackman RG, "Problems in Fish Oils and Concentrates, in Fats for the Future", R. C. Cambie(Ed.), Ch.,, 13, 189 (1989)
Ackman RG, Ratnayake WMN, Macpherson EJ, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 66, 1162 (1989)
Baek JK, Kim S, Lee GS, Shim JJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21(1), 230 (2004)
Bandarra MM, Nunes ML, Campos RM, Batista I, Variacao Sazonal dos Lipidos de Sardinha sardinapilchardus. Relatorio Tecnico e Cientifico (1992)
Bulley NR, Labay L, Amtfield SD, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 5, 13 (1992)
Chrastil J, J. Phys. Chem., 86, 3016 (1982)
Chun BS, Wilkinson GT, J. Chem. Eng., 16, 187 (1999)
Coenen H, Kriegel E, Ger. Chem. Eng., 7, 335 (1984)
Dziezak JD, Food Technol., 40, 66 (1986)
Eisenbach W, Gottsch PJ, Niemann K, Zosel K, Fluid Phase Equilib., 10, 315 (1983)
Foster, Singh NR, Jimmy H, Yun SL, Tomasko DL, Macnaughton SJM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 2849 (1993)
Grimmett C, Chem. Ind., 15, 359 (1982)
Hardardottir I, Kinsella JE, J. Food Sci., 53, 1656 (1988)
Hartono R, Mansoori GA, Suwono A, Chem. Eng. Sci., 56(24), 6949 (2001)
Hong IK, RHO SW, LEE KS, LEE WH, YOO KP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 7(1), 40 (1990)
Iwai Y, Koga Y, Maruyama H, Arai Y, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 38, 506 (1993)
Karmali RA, Marsh J, Fuchs C, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 75, 457 (1984)
Kim EM, Jo JH, Oh SW, Kim YM, J. Korea Fish. Soc., 30, 595 (1997)
Kosal E, Lee CH, Holder GD, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 5, 169 (1992)
Lands WEM, Fish and Human Health, Academic Press, Inc. Orlando (1986)
Mansoori GA, Schultz K, Martinelli EE, Biomed. Tech., 6, 393 (1988)
McHugh MA, Krukonis VJ, V. J., Supercritical Fluid Extraction Principles and Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann (1986)
Mohamed RS, Neves GM, Kieckbusch TG, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 33, 245 (1998)
Nilsson WB, Gauglitz EJ, Hudson JK, Stout VF, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, 109 (1988)
Noh MJ, Kim TG, Hong IK, Yoo KP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 12(1), 48 (1995)
Rambjor GS, Walen AI, Windsor SL, Harris WS, Lipids, 31, 45 (1996)
Stahl E, Quirin KW, Gerard D, Dense Gases for Extraction and Refining, Chap. IV. Springer-Verlag, New York (1988)
Valderrama JO, Silva A, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(4), 709 (2003)

[Referenced By]

[1] Ackman RG, "The Year of Fish Oils", Chem. and Ind., Mar, 139 (1988)

[2] Ackman RG, "Problems in Fish Oils and Concentrates, in Fats for the Future", R. C. Cambie(Ed.), Ch.,, 13, 189 (1989)

[3] Ackman RG, Ratnayake WMN, Macpherson EJ, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 66, 1162 (1989)

[4] Baek JK, Kim S, Lee GS, Shim JJ, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21(1), 230 (2004)

[5] Bandarra MM, Nunes ML, Campos RM, Batista I, Variacao Sazonal dos Lipidos de Sardinha sardinapilchardus. Relatorio Tecnico e Cientifico (1992)

[6] Bulley NR, Labay L, Amtfield SD, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 5, 13 (1992)

[7] Chrastil J, J. Phys. Chem., 86, 3016 (1982)

[8] Chun BS, Wilkinson GT, J. Chem. Eng., 16, 187 (1999)

[9] Coenen H, Kriegel E, Ger. Chem. Eng., 7, 335 (1984)

[10] Dziezak JD, Food Technol., 40, 66 (1986)

[11] Eisenbach W, Gottsch PJ, Niemann K, Zosel K, Fluid Phase Equilib., 10, 315 (1983)

[12] Foster, Singh NR, Jimmy H, Yun SL, Tomasko DL, Macnaughton SJM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 2849 (1993)

[13] Grimmett C, Chem. Ind., 15, 359 (1982)

[14] Hardardottir I, Kinsella JE, J. Food Sci., 53, 1656 (1988)

[15] Hartono R, Mansoori GA, Suwono A, Chem. Eng. Sci., 56(24), 6949 (2001)

[16] Hong IK, RHO SW, LEE KS, LEE WH, YOO KP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 7(1), 40 (1990)

[17] Iwai Y, Koga Y, Maruyama H, Arai Y, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 38, 506 (1993)

[18] Karmali RA, Marsh J, Fuchs C, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 75, 457 (1984)

[19] Kim EM, Jo JH, Oh SW, Kim YM, J. Korea Fish. Soc., 30, 595 (1997)

[20] Kosal E, Lee CH, Holder GD, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 5, 169 (1992)

[21] Lands WEM, Fish and Human Health, Academic Press, Inc. Orlando (1986)

[22] Mansoori GA, Schultz K, Martinelli EE, Biomed. Tech., 6, 393 (1988)

[23] McHugh MA, Krukonis VJ, V. J., Supercritical Fluid Extraction Principles and Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann (1986)

[24] Mohamed RS, Neves GM, Kieckbusch TG, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 33, 245 (1998)

[25] Nilsson WB, Gauglitz EJ, Hudson JK, Stout VF, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, 109 (1988)

[26] Noh MJ, Kim TG, Hong IK, Yoo KP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 12(1), 48 (1995)

[27] Rambjor GS, Walen AI, Windsor SL, Harris WS, Lipids, 31, 45 (1996)

[28] Stahl E, Quirin KW, Gerard D, Dense Gases for Extraction and Refining, Chap. IV. Springer-Verlag, New York (1988)

[29] Valderrama JO, Silva A, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(4), 709 (2003)