Phosphate transfer from the 8-dimethylammonium-naphthyl-1-phosphate monoanion 4m to water and to a range of nucleophiles shows general acid catalysis by the neighboring NH+ group, through the strong intramolecular hydrogen bond. Reactivity is insensitive to the charge on the nucleophile, so that fluoride and oxyanions displace dimethylaminonaphthol from the PO32- group as effectively as do amines of the same basicity. Reactivity is (predictably) relatively insensitive to the basicity of the nucleophile and to the a-effect. A strong intramolecular hydrogen bond is present in the product, but also in the reactant, as evidenced by major perturbations in the pK(a)'s of the phosphate and dimethylamino groups, to 3.94 and 9.31, respectively, and by ab initio calculations. Rate accelerations are of the order of 10(6)-fold despite this stabilization: the strength of the hydrogen bond is evidently significantly enhanced in the transition state. The evidence suggests that it also depends remarkably strongly on the degree of ionization of the reacting phosphate group and will be significantly reduced for the neutral PO(OH)2 group. Thus, the hydrolysis of the substrate cation 4(+) shows a correspondingly greater, > 10(8)-fold acceleration.