Combined Removal of High-Strength Organics and Nitrogen Using Two-Stage Entrapped Mixed Microbial Cell (2SEMMC®) Process

Sun-Jip Kim; Ping-Yi Yang

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.11, No.6, 945-951, November, 2005

Sun-Jip Kim^†, and Ping-Yi Yang¹

Mirae G&C Co., Ltd, Junhyun Bldg. 4th Fl, 492-16 Sinwol 2-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-838, Korea
¹Graduate Program of Bioengineering, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA

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To develop a compactly designed and simply operated tool for the effective removal of organic carbon and nitrogen, an EMMC (Entrapped Mixed Microbial Cell) process with two-stage separations of nitrification and denitrification was investigated for synthetic wastewaters containing SCOD and TN concentrations of 620~783 and 145~155 mg/L, respectively. Under an HRT of 11.9 hrs, recirculation ratios of 3.0~5.0, and temperatures of 22±2 ℃, we monitored the process performances with regard to organics removal, nitrogen removal, and effluent SS concentration. We found that stable SCOD and TN removals of more than 97 and 77%, respectively, and effluent SS concentrations of less than 22 mg/L could be achieved. We also found that the denitrification efficiency increased upon increasing the recirculation ratio. However, the removal efficiencies of SCOD and nitrification were not functions of the recirculation ratio. Compared to the recirculation ratios of 3.0 and 4.0, the higher gradient of the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in the oxic EMMC reactor, which was due to poor denitrification in the anoxic EMMC reactor, at a recirculation ratio of 5.0 seems to augment the denitrification efficiency in the inner place of the carriers where oxygen diffusion is limited. The influent organics concentrations of the EMMC reactors were closely related to the SS concentration in the effluent. The recirculation ratio of the effluent and/or dilution ratio of the feed are important factors that control the growth rate of the suspended microorganisms produced in the 2SEMMC® process, especially when a wastewater containing high-strength organics and nitrogen is applied.

Keywords:immobilization;two-stage entrapped mixed microbial cell process;nitrogen removal;nitrification;denitrification;separation between nitrifier and denitrifier

[References]

Yang PY, Zhang ZQ, Jeong BG, Water Res., 31, 2617 (1997)
Yang PY, Shimabukuro M, Kim SJ, Clean Tech. Environ. Policy, 3, 407 (2002)
Yang PY, Cao K, Kim SJ, Water Environ. Res., 74, 226 (2002)
Yang PY, Su R, Kim SJ, J. Environ. Manage., 69, 381 (2003)
U.S. EPA, Manual: Nitrogen Control, EPA/625/R-93/010, pp. 101-110, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. (1993)
Kim SJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11(1), 47 (2005)
Kim SJ, Yang PY, Water Sci. Technol., 49, 281 (2004)
Yang PY, See T, J. Environ. Sci. Health, A26, 1491 (1991)
Yang PY, Cai TD, Wang ML, Bio. Wastes, 23, 295 (1988)
Chibata L, Immobilized Enzymes, Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (1978)
Zhang ZQ, Masters Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu (1995)
HACH Co., DR/3000 Spectrophotometer Manual, 10th Ed., Loveland, Colorado (1992)
APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. (1992)
Akunna J, Bizeau C, Moletta R, Bernet N, Heduit A, Water Sci. Technol., 30, 297 (1994)
Kim SJ, Ph.D. Thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (1999)
Metcalf & Eddy Inc. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal, Reuse, 3rd ed., pp. 696-697, McGraw-Hill, New York (1991)
Ouyang CF, Chiou RJ, Lin CT, Water Sci. Technol., 42, 137 (2000)

[Referenced By]

[1] Yang PY, Zhang ZQ, Jeong BG, Water Res., 31, 2617 (1997)

[2] Yang PY, Shimabukuro M, Kim SJ, Clean Tech. Environ. Policy, 3, 407 (2002)

[3] Yang PY, Cao K, Kim SJ, Water Environ. Res., 74, 226 (2002)

[4] Yang PY, Su R, Kim SJ, J. Environ. Manage., 69, 381 (2003)

[5] U.S. EPA, Manual: Nitrogen Control, EPA/625/R-93/010, pp. 101-110, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. (1993)

[6] Kim SJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11(1), 47 (2005)

[7] Kim SJ, Yang PY, Water Sci. Technol., 49, 281 (2004)

[8] Yang PY, See T, J. Environ. Sci. Health, A26, 1491 (1991)

[9] Yang PY, Cai TD, Wang ML, Bio. Wastes, 23, 295 (1988)

[10] Chibata L, Immobilized Enzymes, Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (1978)

[11] Zhang ZQ, Masters Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu (1995)

[12] HACH Co., DR/3000 Spectrophotometer Manual, 10th Ed., Loveland, Colorado (1992)

[13] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. (1992)

[14] Akunna J, Bizeau C, Moletta R, Bernet N, Heduit A, Water Sci. Technol., 30, 297 (1994)

[15] Kim SJ, Ph.D. Thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea (1999)

[16] Metcalf & Eddy Inc. Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal, Reuse, 3rd ed., pp. 696-697, McGraw-Hill, New York (1991)

[17] Ouyang CF, Chiou RJ, Lin CT, Water Sci. Technol., 42, 137 (2000)