This work presents a study of the uptake of acetone, 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone), 2,4-pentanedione, and acetaldehyde by sulfuric acid solutions with an aim at understanding the reactivity of carbonyl compounds present in the atmosphere toward acidic aerosols. Experiments were performed in a rotating wetted-wall reactor coupled to a mass spectrometer at room temperature (298 +/- 3 K) with 0-96 wt % H2SO4 solutions. For all compounds, a reactive uptake was observed at high acidity (>= 64 wt % H2SO4). The corresponding reactions were found to follow a second-order kinetics, and their rate constants, k(liq)(II)(M-1 s(-1)) were found to increase exponentially with acidity. These rate constants and their variations with acid concentration were in good agreement with the kinetic behavior of acid-catalyzed aldol condensation reported in the organic chemical literature, except for 2,4-pentanedione. The results of this work suggest that aldol condensation should be too slow to account for the enhanced organic aerosol mass observed in smog chamber studies and should have an even smaller contribution under atmospheric conditions. The rate constants of other compounds, such as large aldehydes, remain however to be measured. However, in order to contribute significantly to organic aerosol formation, a liquid phase reaction would have to result in an uptake coefficient of the order of 10(-2).