Macromolecules, Vol.38, No.23, 9803-9812, 2005
pH-induced micellization kinetics of ABC triblock copolymers measured by stopped-flow light scattering
A poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-block-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methaerylate)-block-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (GMA-DMA-DEA) triblock copolymer was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The pH-induced micellization kinetics of this GMA-DMA-DEA triblock copolymer was investigated by employing a stopped-flow light scattering technique. Upon jumping from pH 4 to around 7-7.5, stopped-flow experiments revealed two distinct relaxation processes. The first relaxation mode had a positive amplitude, suggesting that the micelle size and/or micelle number density increases; in contrast, the second relaxation mode had a negative amplitude, which is assigned to the micelle formation-breakup process. However, upon jumping from pH 4 to pH > 8, only relaxation processes with positive amplitude were observed. The relaxation curve can be well fitted with a double-exponential function, leading to a fast relaxation time constant (tau(1)) and a slow relaxation time constant (tau(2)). tau(1) is in the range 10-20 ms, which decreases with increasing polymer concentration. tau(2) is around 110 ms, which is independent of concentration in the range studied. In the fast process (tau(1)), quick association of unimers into small micelles and fusion between small micelles result in the birth of quasi-equilibrium micelles (with aggregation number per micelle still lower than that of equilibrium micelles) by consuming large amounts of excess unimers; the unimer concentration is close to the critical micellization concentration (cmc) at the end point of the fast process. The second process (tau(2)) is associated with micelle formation-breakup; individual chains within these quasi-equilibrium micelles rearrange to reach final equilibrium micelles mainly through the insertion/expulsion of copolymer chains, the aggregation number per micelle increases, and the number density of micelles decreases. The rate-determining step in the second process (tau(2)) is the decomposition of some fraction of quasi-equilibrium micelles formed in the first process (tau(1)), which serve as reservoirs of unimers. The kinetics of the micelle-to-unimer transition resulting from a pH drop from 12 to 4 is also studied by stopped flow, suggesting that chain entanglement of the DEA core plays an important role.