Temperature and diameter effect on hydrodynamic characteristic of surfactant drag-reducing flows

Y.S. Indartono; H. Usui; H. Suzuki; Y. Komoda

Korea-Australia Rheology Journal, Vol.17, No.4, 157-164, December, 2005

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Temperature and diameter effect on hydrodynamic characteristic of surfactant drag-reducing flows

Y.S. Indartono^†, H. Usui¹, H. Suzuki, and Y. Komoda¹

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho, 1-1, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
¹Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho, 1-1, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan

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Hydrodynamic characteristic of surfactant drag-reducing flows is still not fully understood. This work investigated the temperature and diameter effect on hydrodynamic characteristic of cationic surfactant drag reducing flows in pipes. Solution of oleyl bishydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride (Ethoquad O/12), 900 ppm, as a cationic surfactant and sodium salicylate (NaSal), 540 ppm, as a counter-ion was tested at 12, 25, 40, and 50℃ in pipes with diameter of 13, 25, and 40 mm. Drag reduction effectiveness of this surfactant solution was evaluated in 25 mm pipe from 6 to 75℃. Rheological characteristic of this solution was measured by stress control type rheometer with cone-and-plate geometry. Scale-up laws proposed by previous investigators were used to evaluate the flow characteristic of the solution. It was found that this surfactant solution has clear DR capability until 70℃. Result of this work suggested that temperature has a significant influence in changing the hydrodynamic entrance length of surfactant drag reducing flows. From rheological measurement, it was found that the solution exhibits Shear Induced Structure at all temperatures with different degree of peak viscosity and critical shear rate.

Keywords:drag reduction;cationic surfactant;temperature and diameter effect;shear induced structure

[References]

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Bewersdorff HW, Rheology of Drag Reducing Surfactant Solutions, FED-Vol. 237, Fluids Engineering Division Conference, 2, ASME, 25-29 (1996)
Bewersdorff HW, Drag Reduction in Surfactant Solution, In: A. Gyr, (ed.), Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, IUTAM Symposium Zurich/Switzerland, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 293-312 (1990)
Bewersdorff HW, Ohlendorf D, Colloid Polym. Sci., 266, 941 (1988)
Cho YI, Hartnett JP, Nonnewtonian Fluids, In: W.M. Rohse-now, J.P. Hartnett and E.N. Ganic' (eds.), Handbook of Heat Transfer Applications, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., USA, 2-2-2-50. (1985)
Chou LC, Christensen RN, Zakin JL, The influence of chemical composition of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants on their drag reducing effectiveness, in RHJ. Sellin and R.T. Mores (eds), Drag reduction in fluid flow, techniques for friction control, Ellis Horwood Pub., 141-148 (1989)
Gasljevic K, Aguilar G, Matthys EF, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 96(3), 405 (2001)
Gasljevic K, Aguilar G, Matthys EF, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 84(2-3), 131 (1999)
Gasljevic K, Matthys EF, J. Heat Transf., 119, 80 (1997)
Gasljevic K, Matthys EF, On The Diameter Effect for Turbulent Flow of Drag-Reducing surfactant Solutions, To appear in the proceeding of "Development and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows III", IMECE, San Fransisco, ASME Pub. (1995)
Gyr A, Bewersdoff HW, Drag reduction of turbulent flows by additives, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston. (1995)
Lu B, Zheng Y, Davis HT, Scriven LE, Talmon Y, Zakin JL, Rheol. Acta, 37, 528 (1988)
Lu B, Li X, Zakin JL, Talmon Y, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 71(1-2), 59 (1997)
Li FC, Kawaguchi Y, Hishida K, Phys. Fluids, 16(9), 3281 (2004)
Lin ZQ, Lu B, Zakin JL, Talmon Y, Zheng Y, Davis HT, Scriven LE, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 239(2), 543 (2001)
McComb WD, The Physics of Fluid Turbulence, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, USA. (1990)
Myska J, Stern P, Colloid Polym. Sci., 276, 816 (1998)
Pollert J, Komrzy P, Svejkovsky K, Jun JP, Drag Reduction and Heat Transfer of Cationic Surfactant Solutions, FED-Vol.237, Fluids Engineering Division Conference, Volume 2, ASME, 31-36. (1996)
Suzuki H, Fuller GG, Nakayama T, Usui H, Rheol. Acta, 43(3), 232 (2004)
Tagoku H, Sumio S, Goto S, Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi, 32(1), 41 (2004)
Usui H, Itoh T, Saeki T, Rheol. Acta, 37(2), 122 (1998)
Zakin JL, Myska J, Chara Z, AIChE J., 42(12), 3544 (1996)
Zhang Y, Schmidt J, Talmon Y, Zakin JL, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 286(2), 696 (2005)
Wilson KC, Additives: Theoretical models, In: R.H.J. Sellin and R.T. Moses (eds.), Drag reduction in fluid flows: Techniques for Friction Control, Ellis Horwood Publishers, England. (1989)

[1] Aguilar G, Gasljevic K, Matthys EF, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 44(15), 2835 (2001)

[2] Bewersdorff HW, Rheology of Drag Reducing Surfactant Solutions, FED-Vol. 237, Fluids Engineering Division Conference, 2, ASME, 25-29 (1996)

[3] Bewersdorff HW, Drag Reduction in Surfactant Solution, In: A. Gyr, (ed.), Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, IUTAM Symposium Zurich/Switzerland, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 293-312 (1990)

[4] Bewersdorff HW, Ohlendorf D, Colloid Polym. Sci., 266, 941 (1988)

[5] Cho YI, Hartnett JP, Nonnewtonian Fluids, In: W.M. Rohse-now, J.P. Hartnett and E.N. Ganic' (eds.), Handbook of Heat Transfer Applications, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., USA, 2-2-2-50. (1985)

[6] Chou LC, Christensen RN, Zakin JL, The influence of chemical composition of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants on their drag reducing effectiveness, in RHJ. Sellin and R.T. Mores (eds), Drag reduction in fluid flow, techniques for friction control, Ellis Horwood Pub., 141-148 (1989)

[7] Gasljevic K, Aguilar G, Matthys EF, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 96(3), 405 (2001)

[8] Gasljevic K, Aguilar G, Matthys EF, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 84(2-3), 131 (1999)

[9] Gasljevic K, Matthys EF, J. Heat Transf., 119, 80 (1997)

[10] Gasljevic K, Matthys EF, On The Diameter Effect for Turbulent Flow of Drag-Reducing surfactant Solutions, To appear in the proceeding of "Development and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows III", IMECE, San Fransisco, ASME Pub. (1995)

[11] Gyr A, Bewersdoff HW, Drag reduction of turbulent flows by additives, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston. (1995)

[12] Lu B, Zheng Y, Davis HT, Scriven LE, Talmon Y, Zakin JL, Rheol. Acta, 37, 528 (1988)

[13] Lu B, Li X, Zakin JL, Talmon Y, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 71(1-2), 59 (1997)

[14] Li FC, Kawaguchi Y, Hishida K, Phys. Fluids, 16(9), 3281 (2004)

[15] Lin ZQ, Lu B, Zakin JL, Talmon Y, Zheng Y, Davis HT, Scriven LE, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 239(2), 543 (2001)

[16] McComb WD, The Physics of Fluid Turbulence, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, USA. (1990)

[17] Myska J, Stern P, Colloid Polym. Sci., 276, 816 (1998)

[18] Pollert J, Komrzy P, Svejkovsky K, Jun JP, Drag Reduction and Heat Transfer of Cationic Surfactant Solutions, FED-Vol.237, Fluids Engineering Division Conference, Volume 2, ASME, 31-36. (1996)

[19] Suzuki H, Fuller GG, Nakayama T, Usui H, Rheol. Acta, 43(3), 232 (2004)

[20] Tagoku H, Sumio S, Goto S, Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi, 32(1), 41 (2004)

[21] Usui H, Itoh T, Saeki T, Rheol. Acta, 37(2), 122 (1998)

[22] Zakin JL, Myska J, Chara Z, AIChE J., 42(12), 3544 (1996)

[23] Zhang Y, Schmidt J, Talmon Y, Zakin JL, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 286(2), 696 (2005)

[24] Wilson KC, Additives: Theoretical models, In: R.H.J. Sellin and R.T. Moses (eds.), Drag reduction in fluid flows: Techniques for Friction Control, Ellis Horwood Publishers, England. (1989)