This review deals with the development of some novel techniques for the measurement of thermal properties of materials at ambient and high pressures. Thermal characterization techniques like Absolute thermoelectric-power, AC electrical Resistivity, Differential thermal analysis and AC Calorimetry with specific reference to their usage at high pressures will be discussed in some detail. Some typical data on materials like Chromium alloys, Chalcogenide and metallic glasses will be presented. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.