Thermal stability of polypropylene and carbon nanofibre composite system has been studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis, Limited Oxygen Index (LOI), Flammability, Calorimetry, and Oxidation Induction Time techniques. Definite improvement in thermo-oxidative stability of the composite system has been observed. Improvement in LOI and a distinct change in the burning characteristics suggest a reduction in potential fire hazards. The nano-composite system will have enhanced anti-ageing characteristics and require more stringent conditions for the initiation of burning and the ultimate impact of burning will be less. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.