Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol.81, No.4, 694-705, 2006
Sintering-induced aromatization during n-heptane reforming on Pt/Al2O3 catalysts
A platinum/alumina catalyst was sintered in oxygen and hydrogen atmospheres using two metal loadings of the catalyst: 0.3% Pt and 0.6% Pt. After sintering, the aromatization selectivity was investigated with the reforming of n-heptane as the model reaction at a temperature of 500 degrees C and a pressure of 391.8 kPa. The primary products of n-heptane reforming on the fresh platinum catalysts were methane and toluene, with subsequent conversion of benzene from toluene demethylation. To induce sintering, the catalysts were treated with oxygen at a flow rate of 60 mL min(-1), pressure of 195.9 kPa and temperatures between 500 and 800 degrees C. The 0.3% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited enhanced aromatization selectivity at various sintering temperatures while the 0.6% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was inherently hydrogenolytic. The fact that aromatization was absent on the 0.6% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was attributed to the presence of surface structures with dimensionality between two and three as opposed to essentially 2-D structures on the 0.3% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst surface. On the 0.3% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, the reaction product ranged from only toluene at a 500 degrees C sintering temperature to predominantly cracked product at a sintering temperature of 650 degrees C and no reaction at 800 degrees C. For sintering at about 650 degrees C, subsequent conversion of n-heptane was complete and dropped thereafter. The turnover number was observed to change from 0.07 to 2.26 s(-1) as the dispersion changed from 0.33 to 0.09. The Koros-Nowark (K-N) test was used to check for the presence of internal diffusional incursions and Boudart's criterion was used for structural sensitivity determination. The K-N test indicated the absence of diffusional resistances while n-heptane reforming was found to be structure sensitive on the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.
Keywords:platinum/alumina catalyst;reforming reactions;n-heptane;sintering;aromatization selectivity