Dry-gel conversion is a relatively new approach for molecular sieve synthesis. This method potentially has several advantages over the traditional hydrothermal synthesis and can be used to prepare molecular sieves with certain unique properties. The technique involves treating the predried reactive gel powder with water vapor at elevated temperature and pressure. The role of water vapor in this apparent solid transformation is, however, not clear. In this work, we directly monitored the involvement of O-17-enriched water vapor in crystallization of AlPO4-11 (an aluminophosphate-based molecular sieve) by O-17 solid-state NMR spectroscopy. In addition to O-17 magic-angle spinning technique, several dipolarcoupling based double-resonance methods including O-17 {Al-27}, O-17 {P-31} rotational-echo double-resonance, O-17 -> P-31 and H-1 -> O-17 cross polarization techniques were used for spectral editing to select different 17O species. The results show that water from the vapor phase slowly exchanges with water molecules strongly bound to the AlPO intermediates first. Then O-17 atoms are gradually incorporated in both P-O-H and P-O-Al units in the layered intermediate. There are three different P sites in AlPO4-11. Interestingly, during the transformation from the layered intermediate to AlPO4-11, the O-17 atoms prefer to bond to the P(2) and P(3), but not to P(1). The absence of O-17 atoms in the first coordination sphere of P(1) site suggests that some building units such as joint four- and six-membered rings involving hydrogen bonding with structure-directing agents are common in both layered intermediate and AlPO4-11 and they are not affected by the transformation from the layered phase to the AlPO4-11 framework.