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Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.153, No.6, J46-J49, 2006
Determining the role of W in suppressing crystallization of electroless Ni-W-P films
Electroless Ni-W-P films are compared to Ni-P with the same P/Ni ratio in order to study the role of tungsten in stabilizing the amorphous state. Differential scanning calorimetry and high-angle X-ray diffraction are used to study these films and compare their thermal stability and crystallization behavior. The results indicate that W inhibits nucleation of the Ni3P phase in Ni - W - P films, but has limited ability to suppress face-centered cubic Ni nucleation because W is soluble in Ni. (C) 2006 The Electrochemical Society.