Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol.110, No.23, 11044-11046, 2006
Tuning open circuit photovoltages with tripodal sensitizers
The sensitizers [Ru(bpy)(2)(deeb)](PF6)(2) (1), [Ru(bpy)(2)(bpy)-(E-Ph)-Ad](PF6)(2) (2), and [Ru(bpy)(2)(bpy)-(E-Ph)(2)-Ad](PF6)(2) (3), where deeb is 4,4'-(COOCH2CH3)(2)-2,2'-bipyridine, E-Ph is phenylethynyl, and Ad are tripod shaped bpy ligands based on 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyladamantane, were anchored to mesoporous nanocrystalline (anatase) TiO2 thin films and studied in regenerative solar cells with 0.1 M LiI/0.005 M I-2 dichloromethane electrolyte. Over three decades of 488 nm irradiance, the open circuit photovoltage increased markedly with the distance between the Ru center and the surface binding groups, 1 (7 angstrom)<2 (18 angstrom)<3 (24 angstrom). The diode equation accurately models the irradiance dependent data and indicates that the TiO2(e(-))-> I-3(-) (and/or I-2) charge recombination rate constants were decreased by a factor of 20 for 2/TiO2 and 280 for 3/TiO2 relative to 1/TiO2. The results suggest that control of the sensitizer-TiO2 orientation is important for efficient power optimization.