The structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, M-w = 526) brushes of various grafting density (sigma) on nonpolar graphite and hydrophobic (oily) surfaces in aqueous solution has been studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, the influence of PEO-surface interactions on the brush structure was investigated by systematically reducing the strength of the (dispersion) attraction between PEO and the surfaces. PEO chains were found to adsorb strongly to the graphite surface due primarily to the relative strength of dispersion interactions between PEO and the atomically dense graphite compared to those between water and graphite. For the oily surface, PEO-surface and water-surface dispersion interactions are much weaker, greatly reducing the energetic driving force for PEO adsorption. This reduction is mediated to some extent by a hydrophobic driving force for PEO adsorption on the oily surface. Reduction in the strength of PEO-surface attraction results in reduced adsorption of PEO for both surfaces, with the effect being much greater for the graphite surface where the strong PEO-surface dispersion interactions dominate. At high grafting density (sigma approximate to 1/R-g(2)), the PEO density profiles exhibited classical brush behavior and were largely independent of the strength of the PEO-surface interaction. With decreasing grafting density (sigma < 1/R-g(2)), coverage of the surface by PEO requires an increasingly large fraction of PEO segments resulting in a strong dependence of the PEO density profile on the nature of the PEO-surface interaction.