A new species of genus Sheivanella, Shewanella decolorationis S12, from activated sludge of a textile-printing wastewater treatment plant, can decolorize Reactive Brilliant Blue K-GR, one kind of anthraquinone dye, with flocculation first. Although S. decolorationis displayed good growth in an aerobic condition, color removal was the best in an anaerobic condition. For color removal, the most suitable pH values and temperatures were pH 6.0-8.0 and 30-37 degrees C under anaerobic culture. More than 99% of Reactive Brilliant Blue K-GR was removed in color within 15 h at a dye concentration of 50 mg/l. Lactate was the suitable carbon source for the dye decolorization. A metal compound, HgCl2, had the inhibitory effect on decolorization of Reactive Brilliant Blue K-GR, but a nearly complete decolorization also could be observed at a HgCl2 concentration of 10 mg/l. The enzyme activities, which mediate the tested dye decolorization, were not significantly affected by preadaptation of the bacterium to the dye.