We report the formation of polymer vesicles (or polymersomes) by a new class of amphiphilic block copolymers in which the hydrophobic block is a side-on nematic liquid crystal polymer. Two series of these block copolymers, named PEG-b-PA444 and PEG-b-PMAazo444, with different hydrophilic/ hydrophobic ratios were synthesized and characterized in detail. Polymersomes and nanotubes were formed by adding water into a solution of copolymers in dioxane. Polymersomes in water were finally obtained by dialyzing the resulting mixture against water. These self-assemblies have been studied by classical TEM and cryo-TEM. For the PEG-b-PA444 series, polymersomes were observed for hydrophilic/ hydrophobic ratios ranging from 40/60 to 19/81. For PEG-b-PMAazo444 series, polymersomes were observed for hydrophilic/ hydrophobic ratios ranging from 26/74 to 18/82. For a PEG-b-PA444 sample with hydrophilic/ hydrophobic ratio equal to 25/75, a tubular morphology with tube diameter of typically 100 nm and tube length of up to 10 mu m was also observed together with polymersomes during addition of water into the polymer solution in dioxane.