Shape-coded silica nanotubes (SNTs) were fabricated on the basis of template synthesis as a new dispersible microarray system. The template synthesis of shape-coded SNTs begins with the fabrication of a porous alumina film that has well-defined cylindrical pores with two or more different diameter segments by multistep anodization of an aluminum substrate. Then, SNTs were fabricated with a surface sol-gel method that can control the wall thickness of SNTs on the single-nanometer level. Attractively, the difference in optical reflectance between the segmented parts of individual silica nanotube makes it very convenient to identify each nanotube and enables these shape-coded SNTs to work as coding materials for biosensing.