Microfocus X-ray projection is presented as an accurate experimental technique for measuring moisture transport processes in porous materials. The technique has evolved from the better-known medical technique. Compared to classical gamma-ray and NMR-techniques it allows an instant and accurate determination of the two-dimensional transient moisture content profiles. A calibration procedure is presented to optimise the resolution in moisture content by choosing an adequate sample thickness in relation to the energy of the X-ray source. To illustrate the capabilities of the X-ray projection method, examples of two-dimensional liquid water uptake in homogeneous, heterogeneous, micro- and macro-fractured materials are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.