The microstructure and microtexture of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) on the titanium side of a titanium/mild steel explosive cladding interface are investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy/electron back-scattered diffraction (SEM/EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Highly elongated subgrains and fine equiaxed grains with low dislocation density are observed in the ASBs. Recrystallization microtextures (28 degrees, 54 degrees, 0 degrees), (60 degrees, 90 degrees, 0 degrees) and (28 degrees, 34 degrees, 30 degrees) are formed within ASBs. The grain boundaries within ASBs are geometrical necessary boundaries (GNBs) with high-angles. Based on the relations between temperature and the engineering shear strain, the temperature in the ASBs is estimated to be about 776-1142 K (0.4-0.6 T (m)). The rotation dynamic recrystallization (RDR) mechanism is employed to describe the kinetics of the nano-grains' formation and the recrystallized process within ASBs. The small grains within ASBs are formed during the deformation and do not undergo significant growth by grain boundary migration after deformation.