Simultaneous contrast effects on lightness and hue in surface colours were investigated. Test colours, surrounded by induction colours, were matched by colours surrounded by neutral gray. The matching colours were selected from a series of samples that varied in either lightness or hue respectively. The lightness experiments were carried out by a panel of 20 observers on 135 test/induction colour combinations. The hue experiments were conducted on 51 test/induction colour combinations by a panel of eight observers. The lightness of the test colour was found to decrease linearly with the lightness of the induction colour, regardless of the hue of the induction colour. The magnitude of the lightness contrast effect in fabric colours was found to be about one-quarter of that found in CRT display colours in a previous study. The hue contrast effect found in this study followed the opponent-colour theory. Two distinctly different regions could be identified when the hue difference was plotted against hue-angle difference between the induction colour and the test colour. The slope of the line in the region where the hue of the induction colour is close to the test colour was much larger than the slope in the other region, indicating that the hue contrast effect was more obvious when the induction colour was close to the test colour. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.