In a step towards roll-to-roll production of polymer-based electrochromic displays on flexible substrates, nine thiophene-based polymers and copolymers designed to increase the contrast of displays based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene-sulfonic acid) have been synthesized and evaluated with respect to their absorbance (contrast), switch speed, and ability to switch reversibly in a water-based electrolyte. The results of the evaluation, including cyclic voltammetry and optically visible absorption, provide a basis for understanding what an aqueous electrolyte electrochromic display requires in terms of oxidation potential and material stability, and the effect of chemical structure on the reversibility and speed of switching. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.