Macromolecules, Vol.40, No.4, 1066-1072, 2007
Identification of the "voided double-gyroid-channel": A new morphology in block copolymers
We unequivocally verified a success of creating "voided double-gyroid-channel" morphology and identified for the first time its cleavage planes inherent in the morphology on the basis of computer analysis of field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images. This morphology was created by transforming the minor network phase of the double-gyroid cubic structure of block copolymers with Ia (3) over bard space group symmetry into empty space. The fabrication process leading to the morphology was proven to conserve the original double-gyroid structure. The FE-SEM images observed on the freeze-fractured surface of the morphology exhibited almost only two kinds of patterns: "periodic double-wave pattern" and "hexagonal doughnut pattern". Thus, the images observed on the freeze-fractured surfaces are "deterministic", compared with those observed under transmission electron microscopy on the ultrathin-sectioned specimens which essentially vary randomly, depending on the sectioning directions relative to the cubic structure. These unique patterns were identified to appear respectively on the cleavage planes parallel to (211) plane and (110) plane of the cubic structure on which the cross-sectional area of the morphology becomes minimal. These patterns together with facets, which appear at the places where the successive cleavage planes with a characteristic step-height difference merge together, unveiled unequivocal pieces of evidence for conservation of the cubic structure before and after the fabrication process and hence for creation of the unique morphology potentially important for nanotechnology. They also elucidate basic information on a fracture mechanism of the unique morphology.