Although countries in the Southern Mediterranean have different social and economic backgrounds, most countries are experiencing water scarcity issues that are common with other parts of the world. To assure sufficient quantity and quality of fresh water, there are a few key water resources use and management tools that are applicable to most all water scarcity situations. Through demand management, fresh water supply creation, local imbalances in the supply/demand equation can be efficiently and effectively managed. Modem water treatment technology and new project financing are enabling projects today that were not possible in the past. Changes and awareness of public policy, and the integration of energy management are also keys to a holistic strategy to solve local water scarcity.