Electrolyte Effect on the Particle Characteristics Prepared by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Seungtak Han; Kangseok Lee; Sang Eun Shim; Prakash J. Saikia; Soonja Choe; Inwoo Cheong

Macromolecular Research, Vol.15, No.5, 403-411, August, 2007

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Electrolyte Effect on the Particle Characteristics Prepared by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Seungtak Han, Kangseok Lee, Sang Eun Shim , Prakash J. Saikia, Soonja Choe^†, and Inwoo Cheong¹

Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
¹Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea

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Monodisperse micron-sized polystyrene (PS) spheres were successfully obtained using a single stage soap-free emulsion method in aqueous media mixed with ethanol (co-solvent) containing NaCl as the electrolyte. The optimum conditions for preparing the monodisperse PS microspheres, using soap-free emulsion polymerization in a water/ethanol mixture with an electrolyte, were studied. The presence of the co-solvent and electrolyte controlled the particle dispersion stability during the polymerization. The microspheres formed using PS, with a weightaverage diameter of 2.6 μm, coefficient of variation of 5.3% and zeta potential of -15.1 eV, were successfully obtained in the presence of 0.1 wt% NaCl, 10 wt% monomer, 0.1 wt% initiator and 95/5 (g/g) of a water/ethanol mixture reacted at 70 ℃ for 24 h.

Keywords:soap-free;emulsion polymerization;styrene;electrolyte

[References]

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Christopher KO, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 23, 103 (1985)
Lok KP, Ober CK, Can. J. Chem., 63, 209 (1985)
Park JG, Kim JW, Oh SG, Suh KD, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87(3), 420 (2003)
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Ober CK, Lok KP, Hair ML, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 23, 103 (1985)
Okubo M, Shiozaki M, Tsujihiro M, Tsukada Y, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 222 (1991)
Ugelstad J, Kaggerud KH, Hansen FK, Berge A, Makromol. Chem., 180, 737 (1979)
Gu S, Konno M, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 30(4), 742 (1997)
Kim JH, Chainey M, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. Ed., 30, 171 (1992)
Grant TDS, Vandezande GA, Rudin A, Eur. Polym. J., 30, 179 (1994)
Konno M, Terunuma Y, Saito S, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 24, 429 (1991)
Song Z, Poehlein GW, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 28, 2359 (1990)
Homola AM, Inoue M, Robertson AA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 19, 3077 (1975)
Gu SC, Mogi T, Konno M, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 207(1), 113 (1998)
Gu S, Mogi T, Konno K, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 153, 209 (1999)
Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Ming N, Mater. Lett., 57, 4466 (2003)
Shim SE, Cha YJ, Byun JM, Choe S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71(13), 2259 (1999)
Klein A, Kuist CH, Stannett VTJ, Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 11, 2111 (1978)
Goodwin JW, Ottewill RH, Pelton R, Vianello G, Tates DE, Br. Polym. J., 10, 137 (1978)
Homola AM, Inoue M, Robertson AA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 19, 3077 (1975)
Liu Z, Xiao H, Polymer, 41(19), 7023 (2000)
Lok KP, Ober CK, Can. J. Chem., 63, 209 (1985)
Moustafa AB, Abdelhakim AA, Sayyah SM, Mohamed GA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 66(4), 711 (1997)
Dunn AS, Said ZFM, Polymer, 23, 1172 (1982)

[Referenced By]

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[1] Ugelstad J, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Symp., 72, 225 (1985)

[2] Christopher KO, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 23, 103 (1985)

[3] Lok KP, Ober CK, Can. J. Chem., 63, 209 (1985)

[4] Park JG, Kim JW, Oh SG, Suh KD, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87(3), 420 (2003)

[5] Isao T, Yutaka Y, Atsuo N, Yasushi G, US Patent, 5,001,542 (1991)

[6] Almong Y, Reich S, Levy M, Br. Polym. J., 14, 131 (1982)

[7] Ober CK, Lok KP, Hair ML, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 23, 103 (1985)

[8] Okubo M, Shiozaki M, Tsujihiro M, Tsukada Y, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 222 (1991)

[9] Ugelstad J, Kaggerud KH, Hansen FK, Berge A, Makromol. Chem., 180, 737 (1979)

[10] Gu S, Konno M, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 30(4), 742 (1997)

[11] Kim JH, Chainey M, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. Ed., 30, 171 (1992)

[12] Grant TDS, Vandezande GA, Rudin A, Eur. Polym. J., 30, 179 (1994)

[13] Konno M, Terunuma Y, Saito S, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 24, 429 (1991)

[14] Song Z, Poehlein GW, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 28, 2359 (1990)

[15] Homola AM, Inoue M, Robertson AA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 19, 3077 (1975)

[16] Gu SC, Mogi T, Konno M, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 207(1), 113 (1998)

[17] Gu S, Mogi T, Konno K, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 153, 209 (1999)

[18] Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Ming N, Mater. Lett., 57, 4466 (2003)

[19] Shim SE, Cha YJ, Byun JM, Choe S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71(13), 2259 (1999)

[20] Klein A, Kuist CH, Stannett VTJ, Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 11, 2111 (1978)

[21] Goodwin JW, Ottewill RH, Pelton R, Vianello G, Tates DE, Br. Polym. J., 10, 137 (1978)

[22] Homola AM, Inoue M, Robertson AA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 19, 3077 (1975)

[23] Liu Z, Xiao H, Polymer, 41(19), 7023 (2000)

[24] Lok KP, Ober CK, Can. J. Chem., 63, 209 (1985)

[25] Moustafa AB, Abdelhakim AA, Sayyah SM, Mohamed GA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 66(4), 711 (1997)

[26] Dunn AS, Said ZFM, Polymer, 23, 1172 (1982)