In this work, the adsorption of cationic surfactant and organic solutes on oxidized cellulose fibers bearing different amounts of carboxylic moieties was investigated. The increase in the amount of -COOH groups on cellulose fibers by TEMPO oxidation induced a general rise in surfactant adsorption. For all tested conditions, that is, cellulose oxidation level and surfactant alkyl chain length (C12 and C16), adsorption isotherms displayed a typical three-region shape with inversion of the substrate zeta-potential which was interpreted as reflecting surfactant adsorption and aggregation (admicelles and hemimicelles) on cellulose fibers. The addition of organic solutes in surfactant/cellulose systems induced a decrease in surfactant cac on the cellulose surface thus favoring surfactant aggregation and the formation of mixed surfactant/solute assemblies. Adsorption isotherms of organic solutes on cellulose in surfactant/cellulose/solute systems showed that solute adsorption is strictly correlated to (i) the surfactant concentration, solute adsorption increases up to the surfactant cmc, where solute partitioning between the cellulose surface and free micelles causes a drop in adsorption, and to (ii) solute solubility and functional groups. The specific shape of solutes adsorption isotherms at a fixed surfactant concentration was interpreted using a Frumkin adsorption isotherm, thus suggesting that solute uptake on cellulose fibers is a coadsorption and not a partitioning process. Results presented in this study were compared with those obtained in a previous work investigating solute adsorption in anionic surfactant/cationized cellulose systems to better understand the role of surfactant/solute interactions in the coadsorption process.