Biodegradable thermoplastic-based composites reinforced with kenaf fibers were prepared and characterized. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), produced by bacterial fermentation, was selected as polymeric matrix. To improve PHBV/fibers adhesion, low amount of a proper compatibilizing agent, obtained by grafting maleic anhydride onto PHBV, was added during matrix/fibers melt mixing (reactive blending). When compared with uncompatibilized composites, the presence of the compatibilizer induces a stronger interfacial adhesion and a more pronounced improvement of the mechanical properties. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.